题目链接:Climbing Stairs

You are climbing a stair case. It takes n steps to reach to the top.

Each time you can either climb 1 or 2 steps. In how many distinct ways can you climb to the top?

这道题的要求是爬n阶楼梯,每次只可以爬1步或2步,总共有多少种不同方法能爬到顶?

动态规划,假设要爬到第i阶,可以由i-1和i-2阶1次过去,因此dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]。

可以注意到,爬到n阶台阶的方案数目其实就是求斐波那契数列的第n+1位。

时间复杂度:O(n)

空间复杂度:O(n)

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class Solution 
{
public:
    int climbStairs(int n) 
    {
        vector<int> v(n + 1);
        v[0] = v[1] = 1;
        for(int i = 2; i <= n; ++ i)
            v[i] = v[i - 1] + v[i - 2];
        return v[n];
    }
};

由于动态规划的时候只用到了前面2步,因此可以用两个变量记录一下,这样就将空间复杂度降到O(1)了。

时间复杂度:O(n)

空间复杂度:O(1)

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class Solution
{
public:
    int climbStairs(int n)
    {
        int n2 = 0, n1 = 1, res = 0;
        for(int i = 0; i < n; ++ i)
        {
            res = n2 + n1;
            n2 = n1;
            n1 = res;
        }
        return res;
    }
};